Village
Farsma
Farsma is the historical heart and architectural gem of Pirikita Tusheti, perched at 1960 meters above sea level on the banks of the Pirikita Alazani River.
Village · Akhmeta municipality · Municipality in Kakheti
Geography and Location
Farsma is located in the Akhmeta Municipality of the Kakheti region, within the historic district of Pirikita Tusheti. The village is situated on the left bank of the Pirikita Alazani River, at an elevation of approximately 1960 meters. It lies about 40 kilometers from Omalo and serves as one of the most significant settlements in the Pirikita Valley.
Historical Significance
According to 18th-century archives, Farsma was the central village of the Pirikita community. Historically, it was inhabited by three main families: the Khaadze (the majority), the Torguvaishvili, and the Sulakauri. The village was known for its strategic importance and robust defensive system. In 2018, Farsma was granted the status of a National Cultural Heritage Monument of Georgia.
Architectural Heritage
The architecture of Farsma is a stunning example of late medieval Tushetian construction. The settlement contains about 50 structures, including:
- Khaadze Tower Complex: A series of interconnected towers and "bundled houses" that formed a unique and effective defensive network.
- Churches: St. George's Church (a hall-type slate structure) and St. Theodore's Church, both integral to the village's spiritual life.
- Fortress Houses and Walls: The layout includes individual tower-houses, economic buildings, and defensive walls that have stood the test of time.
Nature and Landscape
The village is surrounded by the majestic peaks of the Greater Caucasus and lush alpine meadows. The Pirikita Alazani Valley here retains a sense of pristine beauty and tranquility. The surrounding area is rich in endemic flora and fauna, making Farsma a prime destination for hikers and nature enthusiasts.
Traditions and Local Life
Like many Tushetian villages, Farsma is deeply tied to the traditions of sheep farming and transhumance. A local legend known as "Pharsmistaoba" tells of the heroic defense against the forces of Murtaza Khan, where two women, Tino and Kakho, played a decisive role. Although the village has no permanent residents today, it comes alive in the summer with ancient rituals and traditional Tushetian hospitality.
Transfers
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